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Bingung Soal Proses dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertipikat Orang Tua ke Anak? Simak Penjelasan Berikut – TARGETNUSA.com
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Bingung Soal Proses dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertipikat Orang Tua ke Anak? Simak Penjelasan Berikut
JAKARTA, Rargetnusa.com –
Saat orang tua ingin menghibahkan rumah yang dimiliki kepada anaknya, proses administrasi pertanahan yang harus dilalui disebut dengan proses balik nama sertipikat. Langkah ini melibatkan tahapan hukum, administrasi, hingga kewajiban pajak yang perlu dipahami masyarakat agar tidak salah langkah dan terhindar dari biaya yang membengkak.
Kepala Biro Hubungan Masyarakat (Humas) dan Protokol Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN), Shamy Ardian, menjelaskan bahwa balik nama merupakan proses pengalihan hak atas tanah dari pemilik lama ke pemilik baru. Termasuk dalam konteks keluarga, dari orang tua ke anak-anaknya.
“Jadi balik nama itu adalah proses pengalihan hak atas tanah dari pemilik lama ke pemilik baru yang sah secara hukum. Dalam konteks orang tua ke anak, balik nama tidak terjadi secara otomatis walaupun hubungan kekeluargaannya sudah jelas,” ujar Kepala Biro Humas dan Protokol, saat ditemui di Kementerian ATR/BPN, Jakarta, Senin, (20/04/2026).
Menurut Shamy Ardian, banyak masyarakat baru menyadari pentingnya balik nama saat tanah akan dijual, dijaminkan ke bank, atau dibutuhkan untuk keperluan hukum lainnya. Pada kondisi tersebut, proses dan biaya yang muncul sering kali terasa lebih berat karena tidak dipersiapkan sejak awal.
Ia menekankan, langkah pertama yang harus dipahami masyarakat adalah perbedaan antara hibah dan waris. Peralihan melalui hibah dilakukan saat orang tua masih hidup, sedangkan waris berlaku ketika orang tua telah meninggal dunia. Pemahaman ini penting karena akan menentukan jenis akta, dokumen pendukung, serta skema pajak dan biaya yang dikenakan. “Kalau salah menentukan sejak awal, bisa berakibat pengurusannya berulang lagi dari proses awal,” tegas Shamy Ardian.
Dalam praktiknya, terdapat setidaknya empat tahapan dalam proses balik nama, yaitu dasar hukum peralihan hak, pembuatan akta oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT)/notaris, pembayaran pajak dan bea, serta pencatatan resmi di Kantor Pertanahan. Masing-masing tahapan tersebut memiliki konsekuensi biaya yang perlu disiapkan masyarakat.
Adapun biaya yang harus dipenuhi antara lain Bea Perolehan Hak atas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB), biaya pembuatan akta hibah atau waris, biaya layanan di Kantor Pertanahan, termasuk juga biaya PNBP, serta pajak lainnya sesuai kondisi objek tanah. Besaran biaya tersebut dapat berbeda di setiap daerah. Adapun besaran biaya layanan di Kantor Pertanahan dapat dihitung berdasarkan nilai tanah yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Pertanahan, dengan rumus nilai tanah per meter persegi dikalikan luas tanah, kemudian dibagi 1.000. Untuk melihat estimasi biaya, masyarakat dapat langsung menghitungnya di aplikasi Sentuh Tanahku.
Dalam proses pengurusan peralihan hak karena waris, terdapat sejumlah persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi oleh pemohon. Pemohon diwajibkan mengisi dan menandatangani formulir permohonan di atas materai, serta melampirkan surat kuasa apabila pengurusan dikuasakan. Selain itu, perlu disertakan fotokopi identitas para ahli waris atau kuasa berupa KTP dan KK yang telah dicocokkan dengan aslinya oleh petugas loket, sertifikat tanah asli, akta kematian, serta Surat Keterangan Waris sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan. Dokumen lain yang turut dibutuhkan meliputi akta wasiat notariil (jika ada), fotokopi SPPT dan PBB tahun berjalan yang telah diverifikasi, serta bukti pembayaran SSB (BPHTB) dan uang pemasukan pada saat pendaftaran hak. Untuk perolehan tanah dengan nilai lebih dari Rp60 juta, juga wajib melampirkan bukti SSP/PPH.
Sementara itu, dalam pengurusan hibah, pemohon juga harus memenuhi persyaratan administratif yang tidak jauh berbeda. Formulir permohonan harus diisi dan ditandatangani di atas materai, disertai surat kuasa apabila diwakilkan. Pemohon wajib melampirkan fotokopi identitas pemberi dan penerima hibah (KTP dan KK) yang telah dicocokkan dengan aslinya, serta menyerahkan sertifikat tanah asli. Dokumen penting lainnya adalah akta hibah yang dibuat oleh PPAT, serta izin pemindahan hak apabila pada sertifikat tercantum ketentuan tersebut. Selain itu, pemohon perlu menyertakan fotokopi SPPT dan PBB tahun berjalan yang telah diverifikasi, serta bukti pembayaran SSB (BPHTB) dan uang pemasukan. Untuk nilai tanah di atas Rp60 juta, juga diwajibkan melampirkan bukti SSP/PPH.
Shamy Ardian mengingatkan, biaya pengurusan bisa terasa mahal karena dipengaruhi oleh Nilai Jual Objek Pajak (NJOP) yang meningkat, adanya denda keterlambatan, serta dokumen lama yang belum diperbarui. “Nah ini kalau semakin ditunda, biasanya biaya makin meningkat dan terasa mahal,” pungkasnya. (RedTN/LS/JR)